{"id":771,"date":"2024-09-18T08:45:29","date_gmt":"2024-09-18T08:45:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.brogenmotors.com\/?p=771"},"modified":"2026-04-27T03:56:38","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T03:56:38","slug":"on-board-chargers-introduction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.brogenmotors.com\/pt\/on-board-chargers-introduction\/","title":{"rendered":"O cora\u00e7\u00e3o da mobilidade futura: Uma an\u00e1lise detalhada do c\u00e9rebro de carregamento de ve\u00edculos el\u00e9tricos - carregadores de bordo"},"content":{"rendered":"

Electric vehicles (EVs) can be categorized into five types based on charging methods: Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV), Extended-Range Hybrid Electric Vehicles (EREV), Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV), and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV). PHEVs, EREVs, BEVs, and FCEVs require external charging, necessitating an On-Board Charger (OBC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On-Board Charger Function<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The OBC, also known as the AC charger, is a crucial component of the slow charging system for EVs. It can handle single-phase or three-phase power, delivering up to 22kW for rapid charging. Since batteries are charged with DC power, the OBC’s primary role is to convert AC input into a DC charging voltage suitable for the battery, typically around 400V, with an increasing trend towards 800V for future models.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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To ensure safe, reliable, and automatic charging, the OBC adjusts parameters like charging current or voltage based on data from the Vehicle Control Unit (VCU) and Battery Management System (BMS). This ensures the power battery’s charging requirements are met.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OBC External Structure<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The OBC connects to the slow charging port and the high-voltage control box. It communicates with the VCU and BMS. To protect electronic components, it features DC output terminals, AC input terminals, low-voltage communication terminals, heat sinks, and cooling fans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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(1) DC Output Terminal<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

This terminal connects to the power battery via the high-voltage control box. Pin A is the negative output, and Pin B is the positive output.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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(2) AC Input Terminal<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

This terminal connects to the slow charging port. Pin 1 links to the L (AC phase), Pin 2 to the N (neutral), Pin 3 to the PE (ground), Pin 4 is unused, Pin 5 to the CC (charging confirmation), and Pin 6 to the CP (control pilot).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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(3) Cooling Fan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

During high-current, long-duration charging, the OBC generates heat. To prevent damage, it reduces charging current if cooling is inadequate. OBCs typically use air cooling, while integrated chargers may use water cooling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OBC Circuit Principle<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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(1) Voltage Conversion Process<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The OBC converts 220V AC to a stable DC voltage, then to high-frequency AC, and finally to the appropriate DC charging voltage. This process reduces size, weight, and improves efficiency compared to traditional transformers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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(2) Circuit Components<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The control circuit acts as the “brain,” managing the main circuit’s operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main circuit converts 220V AC to the required DC voltage, with PFC (Power Factor Correction) and LLC (LLC Resonant Circuit) for efficiency and power density.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OBC Protection Functions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

To prevent damage from overcurrent and overvoltage, the OBC includes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n